Posted by Bryan Higerd on September 27, 2001 at 04:31:32:
In Reply to: £Ö£É£Ã¡Ý£²£°¤âÉÔ¹¬¤Ê±¿Ì¿¤òÊâ¤ó¤À¤ó¤Ç¤¹¤Í¡¼¡¼¡£¤Ê¤ó¤Ç¥³¥â¥É¡¼¥ë¤Î¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Ã¤Æ¡¦¡¦¡¦¤³¤¦¤Ê¤ó¡© posted by ¤Ï¤Þ¤«¤ï on January 17, 2001 at 21:23:28:
:
: --------------------------------------
: --------------------------------------
: TABLE OF CONTENTS (Section 1.1.)
: Ìܼ¡ ( ¥»¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó 1.1 )
: --------------------------------------
: --------------------------------------
: Section one:
: ¥»¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó 1 :
: INTRODUCTION. : 1.0.) : Title, copyright and disclaimer notices. : 1.1.) : Table of contents. : 1.2.) : Brief notes from the author. : 1.3.) : A history of the Vic20 home computing system. : - A pre-history leading up to the Vic20's birth. : - A timeline of the Vic20's life. : - End of an era or just a new beginning? : 1.4.) : Sales pitch time. : Why would anyone like the Vic20 system? : - The "Classic era" was a great time, worth revisiting. : - One of the best systems to play "Classic era" games on. : - A perfect system to develop new classic-style games. : - Other good reasons retro-gamers may like the Vic20. : 1.5.) : How does Vic20 compare in popularity to other older systems? : Section two: : GENERAL SUPPORT INFORMATION FOR ALL VIC-20 USERS. : 2.1.) : What support currently exists for Vic20 users? : - Online support; : many free electronic text documents. : - Online support; : World Wide Web sites currently known. : - Online support; : Commodore-related Usenet newsgroups. : - Newsletters and/or other offline support. : 2.2.) : What Vic20 software is (or once was) "out there"? : - What types of software were once common? : - Where can I find Vic20 software these days? : 2.3.) : Did any magazines or books exist for the vic20? : (Yup, lots!) : Section three: : TECHNICAL SUBJECTS. : 3.1.) : What do I need to have, to use an emulated Vic20 system? : 3.2.) : What hardware would I need, for a "real" Vic20 system? : 3.3.) : Description of individual peices of Vic20 hardware. : 3.4.) : How do I hook up this "real" equipment, once I have it? : 3.5.) : How do I load and use software for my Vic20? : - Using cartridge-based software. : - Using cassette-tape based software. : - Using diskette-based software. : Section four: : WINDING THINGS UP. : 4.1.) : What other information is available about Vic20 computers? : 4.2.) : What can you do to help your fellow Vic20 users? : 4.3.) : Acknowledgements and credits. : -------------------------------------------------- : Section 1.2. : --- Brief notes from the author : -------------------------------------------------- : As is the case is with all FAQs, this document is a work in progress. : Additions, corrections and comments are welcome. : Please send them to: : Snail mail: : Ward Shrake, P.O. Box 4699, Covina, CA 91723-4699, USA : As this is merely the 2nd edition of the "Vic20 Gamer's FAQ" ever released to the public, : For instance, most of this was written before Vic20 emulators had become available. : As such most of it reflects information about the "real" Vic20 system even when the : Maybe next time more will be revised, to more accurately reflect these new situations? : It's probably fairly good right now, but things are seldom perfect. : Your input is appreciated both now and as time goes on. : Any FAQ contributors will be listed in the acknowledgements. : (Thank you!) : While the author would love to have the time to "hold hands" with new fans of the system, : I hope that this FAQ answers most of your questions, at least enough to get you started. : Effort on your part is always a requirement to any learning experience. : If you have new questions, I suggest you post the questions to the Commodore-related Usenet : I am sure someone will help you that way. : If it becomes plain that certain questions are being asked often I will of course include : Writing and upgrading a FAQ takes a huge chunk of time and effort. : Because my resources are limited, I thank you in advance now for your cooperation in this : I don't say this to be rude or mean. : It is simply the truth. : My resources ARE few! : And supporting new users SHOULD be a group effort, after all. : Having said that, I hope you enjoy the FAQ ... and your Vic20! : --- Ward F. Shrake : -------------------------------------------------------------------- : Section 1.3. : --- A history of the Vic20 computer and its times : -------------------------------------------------------------------- : PRE-HISTORY OF THE VIC20 COMPUTER. : As is true with many of the now-commercially-extinct video games and computing systems, : The Vic20 fits into computing history somewhere between the first arrival of kit-built : As such the Vic20 represents an entire way of thinking and has a significant place in : Some people might say the Vic20 came from the early or "good old days" of computing history; : just primitive enough and just advanced enough. : But we are gamers. : This is the part I like best; : the Vic20 was also out in a very popular time period for retro-gamers. : Home computers were quick to echo what the "real" arcade coin-op machines of the time : For me, I've determined that most of my favorite arcade games came from a time period : Guess what? : Most of the Vic20's games are right from that era! : So most of the Vic20 game software is of very high interest to me! : I can remember the original arcade "Space Invaders"; : "the game that : started it all". I can still remember playing Space Invaders in a local pizza hangout, : The Vic20 echoed what the arcades were doing then, in the early 1980's and even in the : To me the ultimate arcade games came with buttons labeled "left, right, thrust and fire"! : Home computers after the Vic20 echoed what was current in the arcades at the time ... : This author thinks that era was an interesting one. : With "retro-gaming" becoming increasingly popular, other people must also like visiting : Our reasons for the trip back may differ but the end result is the same; : entertainment and amusement. : What's wrong with that? : So lets take a quick look back at the interesting times the Vic20 was born into.... : Let's start with Commodore Business Machines. : That company had been in business before handheld electronic calculators were even : Computers took up whole rooms then, if not most of a building. : They were much too expensive for any real home uses. : At the beginning of computer history, only governments and huge businesses could own one. : Or even had any real use for them, for that matter! : However, time went on. : The feild of electronics was itself changing radically, advancing from the use of vacuum : These in turn spawned microprocessors, which were miniaturized computers on a silicon : This made many things that were not possible before both practical and within financial : Near the middle of the 1970's kit computers began to become available to a few users who : These first kit computers are not very useful by today's standards but enthusiasts loved : These were the first publicly-accessible computers. : Next came the advent of pre-packaged, ready-to-run computer systems towards the late : Many companies all tried valiantly to take over large parts of the suddenly huge market : Some are still around but most have since breathed their last. : For instance, Apple computers sold many of their very early computer : models (the "Apple II") in this era. : It was credited with being the first : 'color' home computer. : Other companies, including Commodore Business Machines, all had their models representing : Commodore had the PET series, which preceeded the Vic20. : Some books credit the PET with being the first all-in-one home computer; : ie, a "CRT+keyboard+computer". : (For more, see "Your own computer", ISBN 0-672- 21860-7, Howard W. Sams & Co. : Inc., Copyright 1977.) : Home video gaming was also rapidly advancing and gaining wide levels of acceptance by : The PONG units hooked to virtually everyone's home TV sets started it, along with some : Home gaming, at about the time the Vic20 arrived, was on simple machines like the Atari : These were good times for gamers; : store shelves were glutted with more gaming stuff than any kid could reasonably hope to : And at the same time, the coin-op arcade machines were maturing. : More to the point, they had gone from being fun time-wasting machines found in bars and : Now THAT, to me, was heaven! : I'm sure many older retro-gamers feel the same wave of nostalgia hit when they think of : It was a phenomenon ... no other way to put it. : Arcades were springing up all over the country in response to this rich new industry. : I can still remember where every hole-in-the-wall one of them was in my local area. : Songs about video games were being played on the airwaves. : Books were abundant. : Gaming magazines started to appear all over ... the bookstores were filled with videogame : And just to give you a better feel for the times, Pac Man had just been born. : (Doesn't *that* memory make you feel old!) : Machines had been made as early as 1972 but had taken awhile to spread nationwide and : Its hard to remember for most of us, but arcade games previous to this early time period : Or joysticks for input; : many machines only had pinball-style buttons to press. : The original shape of modern arcade games evolved from the much earlier and better : Even today the glass over an arcade video game screen is often called a "backglass" just : Look at pictures of an original "Space Invaders" cabinet. : They weren't yet sure how to make such a strange new contraption at that time! : A lot of copying went on in these years as the new arcade gaming industry borrowed ideas : from each other and from outside sources. : In short, the entire industry was just forming. : Home games, arcade games and all the rest were entirely new at the time. : Computers allowed games to be "translated" into home versions with enough clever : Gaming used to be "of gamers, by gamers, for gamers". : The hippie types that once ran companies and created the first games, eventually made : Then others joined in, just to make a quick buck. : The gaming market died, as gamers rejected this latest wave of junk; : it wasn't for them, but for some imaginary bunch of people who would buy anything. : I feel that a lot of the blame for the gaming crash, got misplaced. : I feel that a lot of the possible lessons to be learned, were missed by most. : Gaming regrouped, and came back. : The Nintendo NES brought life back into what most business types then thought was the : They did it by combining respect for gamers, respect for the parents who would end up : But this planning, this necessary business caution, killed some of the spirit of early : (No offense, but tourism games just aren't my cup of tea. : I generally prefer fast, intense games, myself.) : Any game that will only appeal to a small part of the marketplace, simply will not show : What a shame. : Nintendo did bring gaming back, even if it was along a new path entirely. : The hippie types that created the market in the first place, finally lost out to the : They understood the likes and dislikes of gamers, and were willing to take chances. : But corporate types don't understand the gaming mindset, and won't take chances. : Even if a good game results from such practices, it comes along only rarely. : Then it will be copied extensively, maybe for years, until the next original idea comes : In the meantime, the games that result may be deep, may be high quality in terms of being : Marketing is "me too" and very unoriginal. : Without the hippie types, the real artists who made gaming great in the first place, gaming : I note with interest that Sony may have figured this out; : they are introducing a user-programmable system, to troll for game ideas. : They seem to be applying that very early concept; : that any user who took the time to know his system well, could create the next really : Time will tell how it works out, but I applaud the move in that direction! : The marketing types need outside ideas, to keep gaming fresh and fun. : Gamers like me tread water, waiting for a mythical video game renaissance. : But until then, I enjoyed the "pre-crash" era the most, so I'll still call those early
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: there could be lots of changes made later.
: ?3?ì?¬Ã±?ËÂç½°?Ë?«?Ä?Ƹøɽ?µ?ì?¿ Vic20 Gamer ?Î FAQ ?κÆÈÇ?Ç?¢?ë?Î?Ç¡¢?è?ê¿·?·?¯?µ?ì
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: emulator's arrival changed some things, either a little or a lot.
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: he simply doesn't have that luxury.
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: that info in later editions of this FAQ.
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: so that I can spend my time doing things that will benefit many users instead of just
: a few.
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: --- Ward F. Shrake
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: the Vic20 has a fairly interesting history that not many people know about.
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: home computers, which were never intended for mass public consumption and today's
: assumption that "everyone has to have a computer at home".
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: an entire era of computers.
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: were doing.
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: that ended in about 1983 or 1984 with the video game "crash".
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: ?ÄÌó 1983 ǯ¡¢?
: ?¢?Î?Í?¨ ?
: ÂçÉôʬ?Î Vic20 ?Î¥2¡¼¥à?Ï¡¢?Á?ç?|?É?½?λ
: ½¾?Ã?Æ¡¢ÂçÉôʬ?Î Vic20 ¥2¡¼¥à¥½¥Õ¥È¥|¥§¥¢?Ï¡¢»ä?ËÈó¾ï?Ë1â??´Ø¿´?Ç?¢?ë !
: »ä?Ï¡¢¥ª¥ê¥¸¥Ê¥ë?Î¥¢¡¼¥±¡¼¥É¡Ö¥1¥Ú¡¼¥1¥?¥ó¥Ù¡¼¥À¡¼¡*?òµ-2±?·?Æ???ë?3?È?¬?Ç?-?ë ;
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: right next to two or three pinball machines. I was told that videogames were a fad and
: they'd soon die, but pinball would last forever. Not quite! Pinball is still popular,
: sure. But I could tell by the rate I was pumping in quarters that videogames were here
: to STAY!
: ¥1¥¿¡¼¥È?1?ë?½?ì all". »ä?
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: Pinball ?Ç?¢?ë?
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: seventies.
: Áá´ü?Î 1980 ǯÂå¡¢?½?·?Æ¡¢ 70 ǯÂå?Ë?µ?¨?â¡¢ Vic20 ?Ï¡¢?½?λ
: ???¿?â?Î?òÈ¿¶Á?µ?»?¿¡£
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: to me the decision was an easy one once I saw the Vic20's software library!
: Vic20 ¸å?Î¥Û¡¼¥à¥3¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿?Ï¡¢?½?λ
: ¡Ä»ä?Ë¡¢???Ã?¿?ó¡¢»ä?¬ Vic20 ?Î¥½¥Õ¥È¥|¥§¥¢¥é¥?¥Ö¥é¥ê?ò¸«?¿?Ê?é?
: ?â?Î?Ç?¢?Ã?¿ !
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: that era.
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: Î11Ô¥
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: 2¿?¬¡¢?½?ì?Ë´Ø?·?ÆÄ´»Ò?¬°-???« ?
: ?½?Î?è?|?ËÂß?µ?ì?ë¡Ä?È?ë¡Ä¿*®?Ê¡Ä Vic20 ?¬ .... ?ËÀ¸?
: ?ë
: ¥3¥â¥É¡¼¥ë»öÌ3Íѵ¡´ï?Ç»Ï?
: invented and way before the public had any chance of owning a computer in their home.
: ·ÈÂÓÍÑ?ÎÅÅÂî?¬Â¾?λö?Ï?â?Á?í?óȯÌÀ?µ?ì¡¢?½?·?Æ¡¢Âç½°?ÎÁ°?ÎÊy´Ë¡?Ë?Ï?½?ì?é?Î¥Û¡¼¥à?Ë¥3
: ¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿?ò½êÍ-?·?Æ???ë?¢?é?æ?ë¥Á¥ã¥ó¥1?¬?¢?Ã?¿Á°?Ë¡¢?½?Î2ñ¼Ò?Ï¡¢¥Ó¥¸¥Í¥1?Ë?¢?Ã?¿¡£
: ¥3¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿?Ï¡¢?½?λ
: ?½?ì?é?Ï¡¢?¢?é?æ?ë¿¿?μ«2ȾÃÈñ?Ë?Ï¡¢?¢?
: ¥3¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¥Ò¥1¥È¥ê?νé?á?Ë¡¢À¯ÉÜ¡¢?½?·?Æ¡¢ÇüÂç?Ê¥Ó¥¸¥Í¥1?Î?ß?¬¡¢ 1 ?Ä?ò½êÍ-?·?Æ???ë
: ?Ç?¢?í?|¡£
: ¡Á?â?·?¯?ϡľ?λö?Ï?â?Á?í?ó?½?ì?é?ò?¢?é?æ?ë¿¿?λÈÍÑ?1?ëɬÍ*À-?¬?¢?Ã?¿¡¢¡Ä?½?ì?Ë?Ä??
: ?Æ?Ï !
: ?·?«?·?Ê?¬?é¡¢»
: tubes to smaller, lighter, more reliable components called transistors.
: ¥¨¥ì¥¯¥È¥í¥Ë¥¯¥1?Î feild ?Ï¡¢µ
: ¥1¥¿?ȸÆ?
: "chip".
: ?3?ì?é?Ï¡¢¥
: ?ò¸ò¸ß?Ë»º?ó?À¡£
: reach.
: ?3?ì?Ï¡¢Á
: °Ï?ÎÃæ?Ç¡£
: knew how to assemble the units and who were willing to bear the hardships of programming
: them.
: 1970 ǯÂå?ÎȾ?
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: ?¿ ) ?ËÍøÍÑ2Äǽ?Ë?Ê?ê»Ï?á?¿¡£
: them anyway.
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: ¶¸2È?Ï¡¢???º?ì?Ë?»?è?½?ì?é?ò°|?·?¿¡£
: ?3?ì?é?Ï¡¢ºÇ½é?ÎÆ
: 1970's and early 1980's.
: ¼¡?Ï¡¢Íè?¿¡Ä´°À®ÉÊ?ν
: Áá?¯¡¢¡Ä 1980 ǯÂå¡£
: that was created.
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: ?¿¡£
: ???¯?é?«?Ï¡¢?
: Îã?¨?
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: ?½?ì?Ï¡¢?½?Î first ?Ç?¢?Ã?¿?È¿®?¸?é?ì?¿
: ¥Û¡¼¥à¥3¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿?òºÌ¿§?·?Ê?µ??¡£
: this still somewhat primitive period.
: Commodore Business Machines ?ò´
: ?½?ì?é?Î¥â¥Ç¥ë?ò»y´?Ã?Æ???¿¡£
: ¥3¥â¥É¡¼¥ë?Ï¡¢ Vic20 ?ò preceeded ?·?¿ PET ¥·¥ê¡¼¥º?ò»y´?Ã?Æ???¿¡£
: ???¯?é?«?Ï¡¢ºÇ½é?Î¥ª¡¼¥ë¥?¥ó¥ï¥ó¥Û¡¼¥à¥3¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿?Ç?¢?ë?3?È?Ë?è?Ã?Æ PET ?ò¿®ÍÑ?Î?¿?á
: ?ËͽÌó?1?ë ;
: ?1?Ê?ï?Á¡¢¡Ä¡Ö CRT+keyboard+computer ¡*¡£
: ( ¡Ä?Î?¿?á?Ë¡Ä11?Ë¡¢¡Ä?¢?Ê?¿¼«¿È?Î¥3¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¡¢ ISBN 0-672- 21860-7 ?ò¸«?ë¡Ä Howard W.
: Sams ¼Ò¡£
: ¼Ò¡¢¡Ä¥3¥Ô¡¼¥é¥?¥È 1977 ǯ¡Ä )
: the buying public.
: ¥Û¡¼¥à¥Ó¥Ç¥ª¥2¡¼¥à¥£¥ó¥°?Ï¡¢1ØÆ
: ?Æ¡¢ÆÀ?ë?3?È?Ç?¢?Ã?¿¡£
: very early models that represented incremental evolutionary steps from those PONG units.
: ¼Â¼ÁŪ?ËÁ´?Æ?οÍ?Î¥Û¡¼¥à¥Æ¥ì¥Ó?Ëα?á?é?ì?¿ PONG ¥æ¥Ë¥Ã¥È?Ï¡¢?½?ì?ò»Ï?á?¿¡£???¯?é?«?Î
: Èó¾ï?ËÁá´ü?Î¥â¥Ç¥ë ( ?½?ì?é?Î PONG ¥æ¥Ë¥Ã¥È?«?éÁy´2Ã?1?ëȯŸ?Î¥1¥Æ¥Ã¥*?òɽ?·?¿ ) ?ȶ|
: ?Ë¡£
: 2600 VCS, the Intellivision and the ColecoVision.
: ¥Û¡¼¥à¥2¡¼¥à¥£¥ó¥°¡¢¡ÄºY´¡Ä»
: µÚ?Ó¡¢ ColecoVision ?Î?è?|?Êñ½ãµ¡3£?Ë?¢?Ã?¿¡£
: ?3?ì?é?Ï¡¢¥2¡¼¥
: buy!
: ?¢?é?æ?ë»Ò¶¡?¬Çã?|?3?È?ò1çÍy´Åª?Ë˾?à?Ç?¢?í?|?è?ê¡¢¥1¥È¥¢¥·¥§¥ë¥Õ?Ï¡¢11?Ë¿?¯?Î¥2¡¼¥à¥£
: ¥ó¥°?â?Î?ÇË
: ?½?·?Æ¡¢?½?ì?ÈƱ»
: restaurants, to actually HAVING a dedicated arcade to be in!
: 11?ËŪ?òÆÀ?¿¡¢¡Ä?½?ì?é?Ï¡¢¥
: ?ë?3?È?«?é1Ô?Ã?¿¡¢¡Ä?ˡļºY´?Ë¡¢¡Ä HAVING ¡ÄºßÂ
: ?½?Î?È?-¡¢?½?ì?Ï¡¢»ä?ËÅ·?Ç?¢?Ã?¿ !
: their favorite games in their favorite arcades!
: »ä?Ï¡¢3μÂ?Ê¿¿ô11?˸Å??¥ì¥È¥í¥2¥?¥
: ?ß?Î¥¢¡¼¥±¡¼¥É?Ë?ª?±?ë?½?ì?é?Î1¥?ß?Î¥2¡¼¥à?Ë?Ä???Æ1Í?¨?ë?È?-¡¢¥Î¥1¥¿¥ë¥¸¥¢?ÎÇÈ?Ï¡¢ÂÇ?Ã
: ?¿ !
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: ¥¢¡¼¥±¡¼¥É?Ï¡¢?3?ÎË-?«?Ê¿·»º¶È?ËÅú?¨?Æ1ñÃæ?ËÆÍÁ3¸½?ì?Æ???¿¡£
: »ä?Ï¡¢?É?3?Ë?½?ì?é?ÎÁ´?Æ?Î hole-in-the-wall ?â?Î?¬»ä?Î¥í¡¼¥«¥ë?Ê¥¨¥ê¥¢?Ë?¢?Ã?¿?«?ò?
: ?Àµ-2±?·?Æ???ë?3?È?¬?Ç?-?ë¡£
: ¥Æ¥ì¥Ó¥2¡¼¥à?Ë´Ø?1?ë2Î?Ï¡¢ÊüÁ÷ÅÅÇȾå?DZéÁÕ?µ?ì?Ä?Ä?¢?Ã?¿¡£
: ËÜ?Ï¡¢Ë-ÉÙ?Ç?¢?Ã?¿¡£
: items!
: ¥2¡¼¥à¥£¥ó¥°¥
: ¥¢¥?¥Æ¥à?ÇË
: ?½?·?Æ¡¢?Á?ç?|?É»
: ?ÉÀ¸?
: ( *that* ¥á¥â¥ê¡Ä?¢?Ê?¿?˸Å???È´¶?¸?µ?»?ë )
: to become the huge industry we take for granted nowadays.
: ¥
: ?Ê»º¶È2æ¡1?È?뺣Æü?Ç?Ï
: may not have even had color screens!
: ?½?Ρĵ-2±?·?Æ???ë?Î?¬Æñ?·??¡Ä?Î?¿?á?ˡĺÇ?â2æ¡1?Î?|?Á?Ç¡¢?·?«?·¡¢?3?ÎÁá´ü?δü´Ö?è?ê
: Á°?Î¥¢¡¼¥±¡¼¥É¥2¡¼¥à?Ï¡¢Â¾?λö?Ï?â?Á?í?󥫥顼¥1¥¯¥ê¡¼¥ó?ò»y´?Ã?Æ???Ê?«?Ã?¿?«?â?·?ì?Ê
: ?? !
: °¿???Ï¡¢Æ
: ¿?¯?ε¡3£?Î?ß?¬¡¢¥*¥ì¥1?1?ë?¿?á?Î¥Ô¥ó¥Ü¡¼¥ë¡¾¥1¥¿¥?¥ë?Υܥ¿¥ó?ò»y´?Ã?Æ???¿¡£
: established pinball industry.
: ¸½Âå?Î¥¢¡¼¥±¡¼¥É¥2¡¼¥à?Î¥ª¥ê¥¸¥Ê¥ë?ηÁ?Ï¡¢Èó¾ï?˽é´ü?Ρ¢?½?·?Æ11?ËÎÉ??3ÎΩ?·?¿¥Ô¥ó¥Ü¡¼
: ¥ë»º¶È?«?éȯŸ?·?¿¡£
: as it was in pinball.
: º£Æü?Ç?µ?¨¡¢?Á?ç?|?É¡¢?½?ì?¬¥Ô¥ó¥Ü¡¼¥ë?Ë?¢?Ã?¿?è?|?Ë¡¢¥¢¡¼¥±¡¼¥É¥Æ¥ì¥Ó¥2¡¼¥à¥1¥¯¥ê¡¼
: ¥ó¾å?Î¥¬¥é¥1?Ï¡¢?·?
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: ?½?ì?é?Ï¡¢?½?λ
: ?? !
: heavily;
: ¿·?·??¥¢¡¼¥±¡¼¥É¥2¡¼¥à¥£¥ó¥°»º¶È?¬?Ò?É?¯¥¢¥?¥Ç¥¢?ò¼ÚÍÑ?·?¿?Î?Ç¡¢¥3¥Ô¡¼?1?ë?3?È?ο?¯
: ?Î?3?È?Ï¡¢¶áǯ¿Ê?ó?À ;
: ?ª¸ß??¡¢?½?·?Æ¡¢¥½¡¼¥1?Î3°Â|?«?é¡£
: ¼êû?«?˸À?¨?
: ¥Û¡¼¥à¥2¡¼¥à¡¢¥¢¡¼¥±¡¼¥É¥2¡¼¥à¡¢µÚ?Ó¡¢Á´?Æ?λÄ?ê?Ï¡¢?½?λ
: programming.
: ¥3¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿?Ë?è?Ã?Æ¥2¡¼¥à?Ͻ½Ê¬?ÊÍø¸y´?Ê¥*¥í¥°¥é¥ß¥ó¥°?Ë?è?ë¥Û¡¼¥à¥
: ?µ?ì?ë¡*?3?È?¬2Äǽ?È?Ê?Ã?¿¡£
: ¥2¡¼¥à¥£¥ó¥°?Ï¡¢¡Ö¥2¡¼¥
: the market huge.
: ¥Ò¥Ã¥Ô¡¼¥¿¥?¥* ( 2ñ¼Ò?ò 1 ÅÙ·
: ¥±¥Ã¥È?¬µ
: ?½?·?Æ¡¢?Á?ç?|?ɼê?üè?êÁá?¯¶â?ò2Ô?°?¿?á?Ë¡¢Â¾?Î?â?Î?Ï¡¢2Ã?ï?Ã?¿¡£
: ¥2¡¼¥
: ?¢?ë2Ͷõ?Ϋ?Î2¿?Ç?âÇã?|?Ç?¢?í?|¿Í¡1?¬?Ê?±?ì?
: ?¿¡£
: »ä?Ï¡¢¥2¡¼¥à¥£¥ó¥°¥¯¥é¥Ã¥·¥å?ËÂ
: »ä?Ï¡¢3Ø?
: ¥2¡¼¥à¥£¥ó¥°?Ï¡¢ºÆÊÔÀ®?·¡¢?½?·?Æ¡¢Ìá?Ã?¿¡£
: cold corpse of a failed fad.
: Ç?Å·Æ2 NES ?Ï¡¢ÂçÉôʬ?Î¥Ó¥¸¥Í¥1?¬¥¿¥?¥*?1?ë?â?Î?Ë¡¢¥é¥?¥Õ?òÌá?ë¾õÂÖ?Ë»ê?é?»¡¢?½?θ塢
: »*1Í?Ï¡¢¼ºÇÔ?·?¿°ì»
: paying for all of this, and respect for sound business models.
: ?½?ì?é?Ï¡¢¥2¡¼¥
: ?1?ë´Ø¿´¡¢µÚ?Ó¡¢Í¥ÎÉ´ë¶È¥â¥Ç¥ë?ËÂ
: gaming, in my opinion.
: ?·?«?·¡¢?3?η*2è¡¢?3?ÎɬÍ*?Ê¥Ó¥¸¥Í¥1Ãí°Õ?Ï¡¢»|?·?¿¡ÄÁá´ü?Î¥2¡¼¥à¥£¥ó¥°?Î???¯?é?«?ÎÀº
: ¿À¡¢¡Ä»ä?ΰո«?Ç?Ï¡£
: ( ¡Ä°ãÈ¿?Ê?·¡¢?·?«?·¡¢Î11Ô¥2¡¼¥à?Ï¡¢Ã±?Ë»ä?Î?ªÃã?Ç?Ï?Ê??¡£
: »ä?Ï¡¢°ìÈÌ?Ë®??·ã?·??¥2¡¼¥à?ÎÊy´?ò1¥?à¡¢¡Ä¼«Ê¬¡Ä )
: up in the marketplace, under such a business model.
: ?½?Î?è?|?Ê¥Ó¥¸¥Í¥1¥â¥Ç¥ë?Î2¼?Ç¡¢»Ô¾ì?ξ®?µ??Éôʬ?Ë?¿?ÀÁÊ?¨?ë?Ç?¢?í?|¥2¡¼¥à?Ï¡¢»Ô¾ì?Ë
: ?É?|?·?Æ?âÁ´?¯¸½?ì?Ê???Ç?¢?í?|¡£
: 2¿¡ÄÃÑ¡£
: Ç?Å·Æ2?Ï¡¢¥2¡¼¥à¥£¥ó¥°?òÊÖ?·?¿¡£?¿?È?¨¡¢?½?ì?¬´°Á´?Ë¿·?·??¥Ñ¥1?˱è?Ã?Æ???¿?È?·?Æ?â¡£
: corporate types that took over.
: ?
: ?¿¡£
: Èà?é?Ï¡¢¥2¡¼¥
: ?·?«?·¡¢´ë¶È?Î¥¿¥?¥*?Ï¡¢¥2¡¼¥à¥£¥ó¥°1Í?¨Êy´?òÍy´2ò?»?º¡¢?½?·?Æ¡¢¥Á¥ã¥ó¥1?òÊá?é?¨?Ê???Ç
: ?¢?í?|¡£
: ÎÉ??¥2¡¼¥à?¬?½?Î?è?|?ʼÂÁ©?˵¯°ø?1?ë?È?·?Æ?â¡¢?½?ì?Ï¡¢?Û?ó?Î?á?Ã?¿?ËÍè?Ê??¡£
: along.
: ?½?ì?«?é¡¢?½?ì?Ï¡¢1-?¯¥3¥Ô¡¼?µ?ì?ë?Ç?¢?í?|¡¢¡Ä?ª?½?é?¯¡¢2¿Ç¯´Ö?â¡¢¼¡?
: ?Î¥¢¥?¥Ç¥¢?Ï¡¢±è?Ã?Ƶ¯?3?ë¡£
: bug-free ... but do they have any soul?
: 1ç´Ö¡¢·ë2Ì?¬¿¼?¯?½?|?Ç?¢?ë?«?â?·?ì?Ê??¥2¡¼¥à?Ë¡¢1âÉʼÁ?Ï¡¢¥
: ?Ë´Ø?·?Æ???ë?Ç?¢?í?|?«¡£?·?«?·¡¢?½?ì?é?Ï¡¢???¯?é?«º2?ò»y´?Ã?Æ???ë?« ?
: ¥
: is becoming stagnant again.
: ¥Ò¥Ã¥Ô¡¼¥¿¥?¥*¡¢¿¿?Î¥¢¡¼¥Æ¥£¥1¥È ( ?
: ¥à¥£¥ó¥°?Ï¡¢ºÆ?ÓÉÔ3èȯ?Ë?Ê?Ã?Æ???ë¡£
: »ä?Ï¡¢¥½¥Ë¡¼?¬?3?ì?òÍy´2ò?·?¿?«?â?·?ì?Ê???3?È?˶½Ì£?ò»y´?Ã?ÆÃíÌÜ?1?ë ;
: ¥2¡¼¥à¥¢¥?¥Ç¥¢?Î?¿?á?ËÎؾ§?1?ë?¿?á?Ë¡¢?½?ì?é?Ï¡¢¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¼¡¾¥*¥í¥°¥é¥à2Äǽ?Ê¥·¥1¥Æ¥à?ò
: Æ3Æ
: ?½?ì?é?Ï¡¢?½?ÎÈó¾ï?ËÁá´ü?Î3µÇ°?òŬÍÑ?·?Æ???ë?è?|?Ë»*?ï?ì?ë ;
: "big" game.
: ?è?¯Èà?Î¥·¥1¥Æ¥à?òÃÎ?ë?3?È?Ë»
: ?òºîÀ®?1?ë?Ç?¢?í?|?È???|?3?È¡£
: »
: Çï¼ê?«?Ã?µ???1?ë !
: ?½?Î¥
: ¥?¥*?1?ë¡¢?½?·?Æ¡¢3Ú?·?ß¡£
: »ä?Î?è?|?Ê¥2¡¼¥
: home and arcade games my all-time favorites!
: ?1/